Trade Names:Abilify- Tablets 2 mg- Tablets 5 mg- Tablets 10 mg- Tablets 15 mg- Tablets 20 mg- Tablets 30 mg- Solution, oral 1 mg/mL- Injection 7.5 mg/mL
Trade Names:Abilify Discmelt- Tablets, orally disintegrating 10 mg- Tablets, orally disintegrating 15 mg
Partial agonist at dopamine D 2 and serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors, and antagonist at serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor.
Well absorbed; steady state is attained within 14 days. T max is 3 to 5 h and bioavailability is 87%.
InjectionT max is 1 to 3 h and absolute bioavailability is 100%.
More than 99% is protein bound, primarily to albumin. Vd is 404 L or 4.9 L/kg.
Hepatic metabolism (dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, N-dealkylation) involves CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Major metabolite is dehydroaripiprazole (active).
Approximately 25% excreted in urine (less than 1% unchanged) and 55% in feces (approximately 18% as unchanged drug). Elimination half-life is 75 h (aripiprazole) and 94 h (dehydroaripiprazole).
In severe renal function impairment (CrCl less than 30 mL/min), C max increased by 36% (parent drug) and 53% (metabolite), but AUC was 15% lower for aripiprazole and 7% higher for metabolite. No dosage adjustment needed.
Hepatic Function ImpairmentAUC increased by 31% in mild hepatic function impairment, increased by 8% in moderate impairment, and decreased by 20% in severe impairment. No dosage adjustment required.
ElderlyCl was 20% lower. No dosage adjustment required.
GenderC max and AUC are 30% to 40% higher in women than in men. No dosage adjustment required.
RaceNo dosage adjustment is recommended.
SmokingNo dosage adjustment is recommended.
Acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents 13 to 17 yr of age; acute and maintenance treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features in adults and children 10 to 17 yr of age; adjunctive therapy to either lithium or valproate for the acute treatment of manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features in adults and children 10 to 17 yr of age; adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the acute treatment of major depressive disorder in adults.
InjectionTreatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, manic or mixed.
Limited evidence suggests that aripiprazole may be a reasonable alternative in patients with restless leg syndrome.
Standard considerations.
IM Recommended dose is 9.75 mg. A lower dose of 5.25 mg may be considered based on clinical factors. If agitation persists, cumulative dosages of up to 30 mg/day may be given.
Bipolar DisorderAdultsPO Recommended starting and target dose is 15 mg as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate given once daily. The dosage can be increased to 30 mg/day based on clinical response.
Children 10 to 17 yr of agePO Start with 2 mg/day, then titrate to 5 mg/day after 2 days and to the target dosage of 10 mg/day after 2 additional days. Subsequent dose increases should be in 5 mg/day increments.
Major Depressive DisorderAdultsPO Recommended starting dosage for patients already receiving an antidepressant is 2 to 5 mg/day. Gradually make dose adjustments of up to 5 mg/day at intervals of no less than 1 wk. Efficacy of adjunctive therapy was established within the range of 2 to 15 mg/day. Long-term efficacy has not been established.
SchizophreniaAdultsPO Start with 10 or 15 mg/day once a day. The effective dosage range is 10 to 30 mg/day. Do not increase dosage before 2 wk.
Children 13 to 17 yr of agePO Start with 2 mg/day, then titrate to 5 mg/day after 2 days, and to a target dose of 10 mg after 2 additional days. Subsequent dose increases should be in 5 mg/day increments. 30 mg/day was not shown to be more efficacious than 10 mg/day.
MaintenanceNo evidence is available from controlled trials. Periodically reassess patient to determine need for maintenance treatment.
Concurrent Use of Strong CYP3A4 (eg, ketoconazole) or CYP2D6 (eg, fluoxetine, quinidine) InhibitorsAdultsPO Reduce the usual dose of aripiprazole by 50%. Increase the dose when the CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 inhibitor is discontinued.
Concurrent Use of Potent CYP3A4 Inducers (eg, carbamazepine)AdultsPO Double the usual dose of aripiprazole (to 20 to 30 mg). Base additional increases on clinical evaluation. Decrease the dose (to 10 to 15 mg) when the CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued.
Store at 59° to 86°F.
Oral solutionStore at 59° to 86°F. Opened bottle can be used for up to 6 mo after opening.
InjectionStore at 59° to 86°F. Protect from light by storing in carton until use.
Patients should avoid alcohol while taking aripiprazole.
Antihypertensive agentsBecause of its alpha-adrenergic antagonism, aripiprazole has the potential to enhance the effect of certain antihypertensive agents.
Centrally acting drugsUse with caution.
CYP2D6 inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine), CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole)May elevate aripiprazole plasma levels, increasing the adverse reactions.
CYP3A4 inducers (eg, carbamazepine)May reduce aripiprazole plasma levels, decreasing the therapeutic effect.
None well documented.
The following adverse reactions were reported with aripiprazole monotherapy.
Tachycardia (2%); hypertension (at least 1%); orthostatic hypotension (1%).
Headache (27%); somnolence (26%); extrapyramidal disorder (20%); agitation (19%); insomnia (18%); anxiety (17%); akathisia (13%); tremor (12%); fatigue (11%); dizziness (10%); sedation (8%); restlessness (6%); increased appetite (4%); pyrexia (3%); dystonia (2%); abnormal coordination, asthenia, decreased appetite, irritability, suicidal ideation (at least 1%); dyskinesia (1%).
Rash (2%); hyperhidrosis, rash including acneform, allergic, contact, drug eruption, erythematous, exfoliative, generalized, macular, maculopapular, neurodermatitis, papular rash, and seborrheic dermatitis (at least 1%).
Blurred vision (8%); nasopharyngitis (4%); nasal congestion (at least 1%).
Nausea (15%); constipation, vomiting (11%); dyspepsia (9%); salivary hypersecretion (8%); dry mouth (5%); toothache (4%); abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomach discomfort (3%).
Increased CPK (at least 1%).
Weight increase (3%); increased blood insulin, weight decrease (at least 1%).
Musculoskeletal stiffness, pain in extremities (4%); arthralgia, muscle spasm, myalgia (2%).
Cough, pharyngolaryngeal pain (3%); aspiration pneumonia, dyspnea (at least 1%).
Pain (3%); chest pain, peripheral edema (at least 1%).
Category C .
Undetermined.
Safety and efficacy not established for the treatment of major depressive disorder or agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania in children. Safety and efficacy not established for the treatment of schizophrenia in children younger than 13 yr of age. Safety and efficacy not established for the treatment of bipolar mania in children younger than 10 yr of age.
No dosage adjustment is recommended for elderly patients.
Antipsychotics have been associated with esophageal dysmotility and aspiration; use with caution in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia.
The risk of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (eg, stroke, transient ischemic attack) may be increased.
Cognitive and motor skills may be impaired.
Use with caution in patients with CV disease (history of MI or ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or conduction abnormalities) and cerebrovascular disease.
Adjust dosage when aripiprazole is used concomitantly with a potential CYP3A4 inhibitor or inducer, or with a potential CYP2D6 inhibitor.
Hyperglycemia, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, may occur.
NMS has occurred with antipsychotics and is potentially fatal. Signs and symptoms are altered mental status, diaphoresis, hyperpyrexia, irregular BP, irregular pulse, muscle rigidity, and tachycardia.
May occur.
Orally disintegrating tablets contain phenylalanine; use with caution in patients with phenylketonuria.
Seizures may occur; use with caution in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that potentially lower the seizure threshold.
Closely supervise high-risk patients. Prescribe the smallest quantity consistent with good patient management in order to reduce the risk of overdose.
A potentially irreversible syndrome of involuntary body and facial movements may occur.
Antipsychotics can disrupt the body's ability to reduce core temperature.
Acidosis, aggression, aspiration pneumonia, AST elevation, atrial fibrillation, blood CPK elevation, bradycardia, coma, confusional state, convulsion, depressed consciousness, hypertension, hypokalemia, hypotension, lethargy, loss of consciousness, QRS complex prolongation, QT interval prolongation, respiratory arrest, somnolence, status epilepticus, tachycardia, tremor, vomiting.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health.