Trade Names:Cycloset- Tablets 0.8 mg
Trade Names:Parlodel- Capsules 5 mg
Trade Names:Parlodel SnapTabs- Tablets 2.5 mg
Apo-Bromocriptine (Canada)PMS-Bromocriptine (Canada)Stimulates dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum, relieving parkinsonian symptoms. Inhibits prolactin, which is responsible for lactation, and lowers elevated blood levels of growth hormone in acromegaly. The mechanism in glycemic control is unknown.
28% of oral dose absorbed (65% to 95% for Cycloset ). T max is 1 to 3 h. C max is 0.465 ng/mL (5 mg dose). Food increases AUC of Cycloset by approximately 55% to 65% and increases T max from 53 min to 90 to 120 min.
90% to 96% bound to serum albumin. Vd is approximately 61 L.
Primarily metabolized in the GI tract and liver (CYP3A4). Undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism.
Major elimination route is hepatic; 6% is renally eliminated. Terminal half-life of 15 h (6 h for Cycloset ).
1 to 2 h.
Peak plasma levels reached within 1 to 3 h.
Safety and efficacy not established. Use with caution in renal impairment.
Hepatic Function ImpairmentSafety and efficacy not established. The speed of elimination may be retarded and plasma levels may increase. Dosage adjustments may be needed. Use with caution in hepatic impairment.
GenderPlasma exposure is increased 18% to 30% in women compared with men.
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders (eg, amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, infertility, hypogonadism) in patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas (excluding Cycloset ); treatment of acromegaly (excluding Cycloset ); therapy for Parkinson disease (idiopathic or postencephalitic) (excluding Cycloset ); therapy for type 2 diabetes ( Cycloset only).
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia associated with pituitary adenomas; therapy for NMS; treatment of cocaine addiction.
Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine, ergot alkaloids or ergot-related drugs, or any component of the product; breast-feeding.
Parlodel onlyUncontrolled hypertension; pregnancy (in treatment for acromegaly, prolactinoma, or Parkinson disease); postpartum period in women with a history of coronary artery disease or severe CV conditions.
Cycloset onlySyncopal migraine.
PO Initial dose: 1.25 to 2.5 mg at bedtime for 3 days; may be increased by 1.25 to 2.5 mg as tolerated every 3 to 7 days until optimum response occurs. Dose range, 20 to 30 mg/day; max, 100 mg/day.
HyperprolactinemiaAdults and Children 11 yr of age and olderPO Initial dose: 1.25 to 2.5 mg/day; 2.5 mg may be added as tolerated every 2 to 7 days until optimum response. Dose range, 2.5 to 15 mg/day.
Parkinson DiseaseAdultsPO Initial dose: 1.25 mg twice daily with meals; may be increased by 2.5 mg as tolerated every 14 to 28 days. Max, 100 mg/day.
Type 2 Diabetes MellitusAdultsPO Initial dose: 0.8 mg once daily; may be increased by 0.8 mg as tolerated every 7 days until optimum response occurs. Dose range, 1.6 to 4.8 mg/day; max, 4.8 mg/day.
Store at or below 77°F in a tight, light-resistant container.
Pharmacologic effects of bromocriptine may be decreased. Coadminister with caution.
CYP3A4 strong inhibitors (eg, azole antifungals, protease inhibitors)Pharmacologic and toxic effects of bromocriptine may be increased. Coadminister with caution.
Dopamine antagonists (eg, butyrophenones, metoclopramide, phenothiazines)Dopamine antagonists may reduce bromocriptine efficacy; bromocriptine may reduce effectiveness of dopamine antagonists. Concurrent use is not recommended.
Ergot drugs (eg, ergotamine)Coadministration may increase occurrence of ergot-related side effects (eg, fatigue, nausea, vomiting) and may reduce effectiveness of ergot drugs when used to treat migraines. Concomitant use is not recommended.
Erythromycin, octreotideMay increase bromocriptine serum levels.
EthanolMay potentiate adverse effects of bromocriptine.
Haloperidol, pimozideMay decrease efficacy of bromocriptine.
Highly protein—bound drugs (eg, chloramphenicol, probenecid, salicylates, sulfonamides)Bromocriptine may increase the unbound fraction of other concomitantly used highly protein—bound drugs.
MethyldopaHypotensive effects may be increased.
Sympathomimetics (eg, isometheptene)May exacerbate bromocriptine adverse effects. Concomitant use for more than 10 days is not recommended.
Triptans (eg, sumatriptan)May have additive vasoconstrictive effects. Avoid concomitant use.
None well documented.
Postural/orthostatic hypotension (6%); syncope (1%); cardiac valvulopathy, hypertension, MI, stroke (postmarketing).
Headache (19%); dizziness (17%); fatigue (14%); asthenia (13%); light-headedness (5%); somnolence (4%); drowsiness (3%); hypesthesia (1%); confusion, dyskinesia, hallucinations, NMS-like symptoms, psychomotor agitation, psychotic disorders, seizures (postmarketing).
Rhinitis (14%); sinusitis (10%); amblyopia (8%); dry mouth/nasal stuffiness (4%).
Nausea (49%); constipation (14%); diarrhea (9%); dyspepsia (8%); vomiting (6%); anorexia (5%); abdominal cramps (4%); GI bleeding (less than 2%).
Hypoglycemia (4%).
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (postmarketing).
Constrictive pericarditis, pleural and pericardial effusion, pleural and pulmonary fibrosis, pleural thickening (postmarketing).
Flu syndrome (9%); common cold (8%); infection (6%); digital vasospasm (3%); exacerbation of Raynaud syndrome (less than 2%).
Category B .
Contraindicated in breast-feeding women.
Safety and efficacy in children 8 yr of age and younger not established for hyperprolactinemia. Safety and efficacy in children not established for all other indications.
No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed, but greater sensitivity of some older patients cannot be ruled out.
Use with caution.
Use with caution.
Exercise care when driving a vehicle or operating machinery because hypotensive reactions may occur, especially during the first days of treatment.
Cold-sensitive digital vasospasms and severe GI bleeding from peptic ulcers have been reported in patients with acromegaly; institute appropriate treatment. Possible tumor expansion has occurred; monitor patient's condition and discontinue treatment if necessary.
Symptomatic hypotension may occur. Hypertension, seizures, stroke, and MI have been reported in postpartum women on bromocriptine therapy. Use caution in patients with preeclampsia and in those who have received other drugs that may alter BP.
May occur in patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas.
May be associated with confusion, mental disturbances, or hallucinations.
Avoid use in patients with hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, severe lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption.
Monitor for signs of GI bleeding.
Exercise caution in patients with a history of MI who have a residual atrial, nodal, or ventricular arrhythmia.
Visual field impairment may occur. Monitor visual fields in patients with macroprolactinemia.
Safe use longer than 2 yr has not been established. Periodic evaluation of hepatic, hematopoietic, cardiac, and renal function is necessary.
Evaluate pituitary before treatment to determine if tumor is present.
May be exacerbated. Use in severe psychotic disorders is not recommended.
Pleural and pericardial effusion, as well as pleural and pulmonary fibrosis and constrictive pericarditis, have been reported.
May occur. Monitor for signs of back pain, edema of lower limbs, or impaired kidney function.
May occur, particularly in patients with Parkinson disease.
Confusion, constipation, delusions, diaphoresis, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, lethargy, malaise, nausea, pallor, severe hypotension, repetitive yawning, vomiting.
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