Bowel disease, inflammatory: A group of chronic intestinal diseases characterized by inflammation of the bowel -- the large or small intestine. The most common types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.
Crohn disease favors the ileum (the lower part of the small intestine) but can occur anywhere along the intestinal tract while, by contrast, ulcerative colitis affects the colon (the large intestine) alone. The inflammation in Crohn disease involves the entire thickness of the bowel wall, whereas in ulcerative colitis the inflammation is confined to the mucosa (the inner lining) of the intestine.
The symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain and diarrhea. The course is typically unpredictable. Symptoms tend to wax and wane, and long remissions and even the spontaneous resolution of symptoms are well known. The disease can be limited to the intestine or affect the skin, joints, spine, liver, eyes, and other organs. Although people of any age can have inflammatory bowel disease, the diagnosis is most commonly first made in young adults.
Intestinal ulcers and bleeding are common in both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. But complications such as intestinal strictures (narrowings), fistulas, and fissures (tears) are far more common in Crohn disease than in ulcerative colitis.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Crohn disease can result from an intestinal stricture and is treated with antibiotics. Crohn disease of the duodenum and jejunum can cause malabsorption of nutrients can cause malnutrition, weight loss, and diarrhea. In Crohn disease of the ileum, malabsorption of bile salts can cause diarrhea and malabsorption of vitamin B12 can lead to anemia.
There is an increased risk of colon cancer in ulcerative colitis. Yearly monitoring with colonoscopies and biopsies of the colon for premalignant cells and cancer is recommended for patients after 8 to 10 years of chronic inflammation of the colon.
The treatment of IBD involves the use of medicines and sometimes surgery, depending upon the type and course of the inflammatory bowel disease. Effective therapy exists for the majority of cases. Narcotics, codeine, and anti-diarrheal medications such as Lomotil and Imodium should be avoided during severe episodes of colitis because they may induce a toxic megacolon.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to two chronic diseases that cause intestinal inflammation: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although they have features in ...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease, probably involving an immune reaction of the body to its own intestinal tract.
IBD Overview. Inflammatory bowel disease or IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) covers a group of disorders in which the intestines become inflamed (red and swollen), probably as a result of an immune ...
Learn about the causes, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.